An ecological floating-bed made from dredged lake sludge for purification of eutrophic water

Removal of lake sediments is one effective approach to reduce internal nutrients of eutrophic lakes, the consequence of which is, however, unavoidably exacerbated by the disposal of the dredged sludge. A novel method is reported here to recycle the dredged sludge in an eco-friendly manner by combining solidification/stabilization treatment and floating-bed technology. The objective of the present study was to utilize the dredged lake sludge to produce ecological sludge floating-bed (ESFB) and to evaluate the water purification efficacy of ESFB combined concurrently with Acorus calamus. In doing so, dredged sludge (main material), treated industrial slag (binder) and expanded perlite (lightweight agent) were introduced as the raw materials for the production of ESFB, and then physical strength, water-resistance, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure were measured and field trial was carried out, correspondingly. For the water purification experiment, the mesocosm systems were made to evaluate the nitrogen, phosphorus and Chl-a removal efficacy of planted ESFB. The results show that with the optimum mixing ratio (sludge: 72.5%, BOF slag: 12.5% and expanded perlite: 15%), the solidified product has strong compressive strength of 1.55 MPa and flexural strength of 0.24 MPa. The heavy metal concentrations in the leachate are far lower than the detection limit. The relative softening coefficient and water absorption of solidified product were 90.3% and 11.3%. The results of the consequent water purification experiment suggest that the planted ESFB have promising removal efficiency on nitrogen, phosphorus and Chl-a. The final relative growth rate (RGR) of A. calamus was 0.31. The highest removal rate of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), total dissolve phosphorus (TDP) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) reached 36.3%, 35.7%, 44.3%, 38.1% and 47.9%, respectively.     

Folacin C60 derivative exerts a protective activity against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma cells

In the present study, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a novel folacin C₆₀ derivative. The compound was analyzed by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, LC–MS and elemental analysis. This water soluble fullerene derivative was able to scavenge both superoxide and hydroxyl radical with biocompatibility. Rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells treated with hydrogen peroxide underwent cytotoxicity and apoptotic death determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. As a novel derivative of C₆₀, the folacin C₆₀ derivative self-assembled to form spherical aggregates in H₂O. Because the compound was amphiphilic, it could penetrate the cell membrane and play its distinguished role in protecting PC12 cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. The results suggest that folacin C₆₀ derivative has the potential to prevent oxidative stress-induced cell death without evident toxicity.     

以壳聚糖为载体束缚脂肪酸吸附CO2在诱捕白纹伊蚊中的应用研究

为了从壳聚糖+脂肪酸离子液体吸附CO2化合物中筛选出对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus具有良好引诱效果的化合物，采用陷阱诱捕法分别测定了壳聚糖+丙酮酸、壳聚糖+乙酸、壳聚糖+丙酸 3种脂肪酸离子液体化合物及其吸收CO2对白纹伊蚊成虫的诱捕效果。结果表明，在供试的3种脂肪酸离子液体中，等物质的量吸收CO2的性能依次是丙酮酸>乙酸=丙酸，对白纹伊蚊的诱蚊效果依次是丙酮酸>乙酸=丙酸。其中最优配方比是壳聚糖∶丙酮酸∶CO2=1∶25∶0.3621，平均累计诱蚊量比单组分丙酮酸增加31.37%，比单组分CO2增加30.73%,比对照纯水增加59.52%（P<0.05）。相同质量的3种脂肪酸吸附CO2，具有协同增效作用，平均累计诱蚊量均显著优于单组分脂肪酸（P<0.05）。现场诱蚊试验结果表明，壳聚糖对3种脂肪酸均有缓释作用，其诱蚊持效期延长1.71~3.00倍。根据离子液体原理以壳聚糖为载体束缚脂肪酸吸附CO2并结合陷阱诱捕器，能够显著提高对白纹伊蚊的诱捕数量（混合物60 d的累计诱蚊总数量是单组分的1.62~1.78倍）。研究结果为进一步开发可适用于家居办公环境中使用的诱蚊剂提供了研究基础。     

Reaction kinetics of nutrition dependent poikilotherm developmentt

This study addresses the theoretical interactions between temperature and nutrition on poikilotherm development. The model is built upon the theory of a simple enzyme reaction to give the development rate as a function of temperature and nutrient substrate. The nutrient-dependent development model is shown to agree with the observed data for Anthonomus grandis, reared under several diets and temperature regimes. The resulting analysis suggests that three hypotheses need further investigation. These hypotheses include: (i) thermal response to nutrition is significantly different between artificial and natural diets; (ii) differences in development response to natural diets can be quantified in terms of protein content; and (iii) thermal biotypes exhibit developmental differences at the extremes rather than within the mid-temperature region. The implications of the validation of these hypotheses are put forth.     

野生稻抗病虫基因的研究与利用

野生稻是宝贵的种质资源,具有丰富的遗传多样性。多项研究表明,野生稻对多种病虫害有较强的抗性。但由于野生稻的远缘杂交存在许多的弊端,因而采用常规杂交技术不能选育出新的抗性品种而未能这到利用野生稻抗性基因的目的。可考虑从野生稻中提取抗性活性成分用于植物源农药的开发研究,但在实际的研究中发现其有效活性成分含量较少和基因遗传连锁障碍等两个问题。基因的分子标记定住技术可解决这两个难点。使野生稻特别是非AA组野生稻的抗病虫基因在植物源农药开发中的利用成为现实。     

我和动物园做邻居

在我们讨论动物园的存在价值时,始终无法绕开这些普通的游客,对于他们来说,动物园已经成为生活中不可分割的部分。[编者按]     

Purification and characteristics of a low-molecular-weight peptide possessing oxidative capacity for phenol from Phanerochaete chrysosporium

A new low-molecular-weight peptide with phenol oxidase activity, named Pc factor, was isolated and purified from liquid culture of a white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Its molecular weight was about 600 Da estimated by gel-filtration. Three amino acids Glu, Gly and Val were detected in hydrolysate. Absorption peaks corresponding to amino acids and peptide were observed by UV and IR spectra analysis. And the signal of Cα of amino acid was also detected by ¹³C-NMR method. Pc factor had high thermostability and remained active in weakly alkalescent pH range. It could chelate Fe³⁺ and reduce it to Fe²⁺, but no hydroxyl radical HO&#9642; could be detected during the reaction process. It could oxidize phenolic lignin-model compounds such as 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP), 2,2¢-azinobis (3-ethylbenzathiazoline-6-sulfinic acid) (ABTS) and syringaldazine in the absence of Mn²⁺ and H₂O₂. These characteristics differed greatly from those of manganese peroxi-dases. The oxidative catalysis of Pc factor can be enhanced by certain metal ions such as Cu²⁺ and Mn²⁺ etc., and O2 molecule was necessary for this reaction. In summary, Pc factor may function as an electron carrier in this novel oxidation-reduction system.     

Identification of a denitrifying bacterium and verification of its anaerobic ammonium oxidation ability

A strain D3 of denitrifying bacterium was isolated from an anammox reactor,and identi-fied as Pseudomonas mendocina based on the morphological and physiological assay,Vitek test,Biolog test,(G C) mol% content,and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis.As a typical denitrifying bac-terium,strain D3 achieved the maximal nitrate reduction rate of 26.2 mg/(L·d) at the nitrate concen-tration of 88.5 mg N/L.The optimal pH and growth temperature were 7.84 and 34.9℃,respectively.Strain D3 was able to oxidize ammonia under anaerobic condition.The maximum nitrate and ammo-nium utilization rates were 6.37 mg/(L·d) and 3.34 mg/(L·d) ,respectively,and the consumption ratio of ammonia to nitrate was 1:1.91.Electron microscopic observation revealed peculiar cell inclusions in strain D3.Because of its relation to anammox activity,strain D3 was presumed to be anammoxosome.The present investigation proved that denitrifying bacteria have the anammox ability,and the results have engorged the range of anammox populations.     

铜胁迫对玉米幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响

本文研究了铜(Cu)胁迫下玉米(Zea mays)幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的变化。研究结果表明, 5~20 μmol.L-1 Cu处理10天明显抑制玉米幼苗根系生长, 并减少玉米幼苗的干物重, 以及增加玉米幼苗地上部和根系含Cu量; 玉米幼苗吸收的Cu大部分积累在根系, 在地上部分布较少。Cu处理还降低玉米叶片的叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm、ETR、qP和qy值。在10天的Cu处理期间, 根系中SOD、POD、CAT和GR活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势。而叶片中的SOD、POD、CAT和GR活性在处理前期不受Cu胁迫的显著影响, 处理后期则因Cu胁迫而增强。实验表明抗氧化酶在抵御过量Cu引起的氧化胁迫中发挥了一定的作用。     

Temporal and spatial expression of MMP-2,-9,-14 and their inhibitors TIMP-1,-2,-3 in the corpus luteum of the cycling rhesus monkey

A CL develops by extensive cellular reorganization and neovascularization of the remnants of the evacu-ated follicle following ovulation. In both rodent and primate, the development of CL is a rapid process with very high cellular turnover[1,2]. A CL is u…